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[Music]

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good morning

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and thank you for being here today to

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honor the brave men and women who paid

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the ultimate sacrifice

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in the pursuit of space exploration

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today we remember the apollo 1 the

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challenger

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and the columbia sts-107 cruise and

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all other fallen members of the nasa

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family

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every now and then it's important for us

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to step back

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and consider the vast scope of our work

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to remind ourselves of what it really

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means to be in this business

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where we do the impossible and break

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exploration barriers

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beyond earth and towards the stars

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we know and recognize that human space

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flight will always be filled

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with risk for those of you like me who

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have been a part of marshall space

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flight center or nasa long enough

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you've experienced both the ultimate joy

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of mission success

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and the tragic consequences of failure

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just like me i'm sure you can remember

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where you were

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when you heard the news or read an

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article about these tragedies

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some of you may have even watched them

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on television

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and afterwards many of us work together

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for the solutions

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to keep those bad days from happening

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again

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today marks the 35th anniversary of the

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challenger accident

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as we commemorate the 35th anniversary

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of losing challenger

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we pause and remember those crew members

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who have given their lives

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in pursuit of space exploration and

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discovery

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they were our colleagues our friends and

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more

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they were our nasa family challenger and

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columbia

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were woven into our hearts solemn

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reminders of what is at stake

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they are why we are committed to

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vigilance and safety

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with risks comes a responsibility to

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honor what we lost

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but also learn from the mistakes of the

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past

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one of my points of emphasis for the

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management team at marshall

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is risk leadership and that is because

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nothing worthwhile

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is accomplished without taking risk it's

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our job at nasa to leap into the unknown

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of our mission of discovery

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we must have the courage to jump but

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first we must make the risk as small as

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possible

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and then go forward as we prepare for a

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new era of space exploration with the

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space launch system

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now is the time to recommit ourselves to

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safety and excellence

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we will never forget the courage it

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takes or the lives given

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in the name of space exploration and we

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will carry the lessons of apollo

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challenger and columbia with us as we

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design and build

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the sls the human landing system and

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assist in nasa's commercial crew program

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in order to fly again we also want to

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remember

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many others who have dedicated their

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lives to space exploration

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and have passed away we recognize their

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sacrifices

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and accomplishments which have propelled

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us to where we are

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today as part of today's program we will

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have two guest speakers

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astronaut butch will moore followed by

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our safety and mission assurance

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director bill hill

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upon the conclusion of their remarks we

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will view a presentation of those we've

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lost in the pursuit

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of space exploration thank you again for

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your interest

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in this important day we must continue

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the legacy

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good day my name is butch wilmore i've

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been an astronaut with nasa going back

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to 2000 so quite a few years

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and this is a day every year that we

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remember

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reasons to

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recall back to some of the issues the

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things that have taken place in the in

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the decades past

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specifically we want to remember the

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names we'll remember the people

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ed white virgil gus grissom

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roger chafee the apollo 1 astronauts

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and of course the astronauts from

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challenger

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dick scobee michael smith

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ellison onozuka judith reznik

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ronald mcnair gregory jarvis

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and krista mcauliffe and from columbia

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back in 2003 we remember rick husband

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willie mccool laurel clark

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kalpana chala michael anderson

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david brown elon ramon

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and remember them for good reason they

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bravely went forward

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into the unknown and unknown that even

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now

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after all 50 years of flying in space

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humans in space there's so many unknowns

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that lie just uh beyond our atmosphere

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and we're still

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discovering and still exploring and even

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now as we seek to go deeper

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deeper into space than we've gone in

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decades with the space launch system

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and orion out to the vicinity of the

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moon and beyond

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perhaps uh in the not too distant future

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we always want to recall back

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from where we've been to where we are

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now and what has gotten us to this point

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and these individuals these names we

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just mentioned are part of our family

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they're part of the family that we've

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been ensconced with and we work together

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various nasa centers and we do things

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that are very very difficult and they

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knew the challenges they knew the

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difficulties that lie ahead

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yet they went boldly forward anyway

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them and their families they were

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passionate about their jobs

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passionate about exploration passion

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about human space flight

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and they went forward again knowing the

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risks

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and they paid with their lives so that

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we could

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be here today continuing to go forward

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for the right reasons but reflecting

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back also for the right reasons

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lessons learned that we've incorporated

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into much that we've done

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over these decades and we continue to do

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we never forget because remembering is

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vitally important

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we remember that uh letting schedules

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push us forward

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and blindly forward is not the way we

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should go

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i remember myself dating back to when i

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was a fleet aviator

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doing flight tests there was one

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specific thing that happened in my

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career

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i thought i'd share with you this is a

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t-45 goss hawk

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and i had the honor to do the initial

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flight test with this aircraft

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back in the early 90s did many things

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many exciting things including taking it

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to the ship

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for the very first time for its initial

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trials

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and part of what we were doing just to

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put it briefly was the approach handling

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qualities

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and also minimum in-speed

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assessment for this aircraft every

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airplane that lands on an aircraft

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carrier

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has a documented minimum end speed and

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that's

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with relation to how much wind is going

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over the aircraft as it hits the end

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of the aircraft carrier so that is

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predicated on many things but basically

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you want to have an end speed that will

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give you no greater than 10 or so feet

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sink off the bow so that is established

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in flight

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test and you can see here a picture on

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the catapult

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with the launch bar down and this is

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what would sling the aircraft into the

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air

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so just real briefly just a quick video

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to show you that

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so some carrier quality was long after i

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did the flight test but just to show you

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now you notice no sink off the bow there

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are plenty of wind over the air aircraft

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as it lifts into the air this next video

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shows uh it's it's vintage of course you

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can see from the way it looks

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but it shows an a6 intruder on a normal

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catapult launch on a deployment

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and this intruder got what is called a

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cold catapult in the day

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they're very very very uncommon they

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were very uncommon but even more so in

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common now

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but it did not get the the force off the

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end of the stroke

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that was necessary to enable it to fly

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so uh what happens is it goes down the

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stroke and it doesn't have flying speed

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so it sinks off the bow

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the pilot pulls the nose up it continues

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to sink he puts his landing gear up

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and eventually he what we call does what

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we call pickles off his drop tank to try

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to give him

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make hims less less heavy so reduce some

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weight you see the pic drop tank pickle

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off

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then the airplane ceases to fly and

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starts to depart flight

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and they eject regrettably the first

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person did not survive

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and the second barely got to shoot

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before he impacted the water

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and he did survive so this is obviously

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something that you would not want

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to happen and this is part of what our

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minimum in speed test is

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to make sure something like this doesn't

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happen so again briefly

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on the very first catapult launch we're

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targeting three feet of sync off the bow

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of the aircraft carrier

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and as i go down the stroke uh because

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i've done

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a lot of catapult launches leading up to

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this as we worked ourselves up

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it was a very it was a lot less thrust

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or

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sink off the bow

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and as i went to the end of the carrier

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i sank more than three feet i think i

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did not know how much of the time but i

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knew

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it was an enormous amount of rated

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descent

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one hand on the stick and the other hand

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i had on the ejection handle ready to

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pull it

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if it looked like i needed it the

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airplane fortunately did continue to fly

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however

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and uh cleared the the water barely

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and this began to climb out so i came

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around i landed on the aircraft carrier

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and we did an assessment was it the

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catapult that had a problem was it the

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airplane that had a problem

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what was the issue that caused this

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excessive sink off the bow

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that unexpected sink off the bow what

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what caused it so as we went through

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several days of iterations the catapult

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was fine the airplane was fine

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and we determined that the engineers

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that had uh

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done the calculations for what was

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necessary to get a three foot sink off

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the bow

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had done the equivalent of transposing

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a fraction in their calculations so

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one very very small mistake caused this

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very big change obviously in the thrust

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of this catapult

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slinging this airplane off and a very

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excessive sink off the bow the aircraft

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carrier 60 feet above the water

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and it surmised based on camera angles

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and whatnot that i was at least

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16 feet from the water if not closer

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so again it was a lack of attention to

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detail

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going over their calculations triple

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checking making sure everything was good

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but like i said not even noticing the

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trans transposing of a fraction

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uh could have been very um a very bad

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day for me and for the program

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fortunately like i said it worked out

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okay we learn from that

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and we go forward and there are various

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ways that since that happened during

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that carrier qualification

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that the navy goes through other

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stringent rules that have been

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incorporated to ensure

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that all calculations are correct of

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course this was back

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before we had super computers

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it was not back in the day of slide

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rules but it was a far back before we

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had a lot of ways to check it which we

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do now

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so i share that just as one example that

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i

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so today we're under some very very

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difficult circumstances

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we don't even see each other face to

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face we have very

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little interaction during these covet

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time frames so i encourage you to

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continue

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to check the details on every aspect of

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what you do because human space flight

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is vitally important for our nation and

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for our global community

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as we continue to explore and reach out

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and go beyond so as you're sitting at

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home or maybe occasionally you do come

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in or wherever you

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are do your work diligently remembering

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the past

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remembering those individuals whose

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names we we mentioned earlier

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and others that have gone before because

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we are a team

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uh yes the astronauts are the pink

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bodies to get to sit in the seat

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and enjoy the ride though it's a very

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professional environment inside of a

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cockpit as you're

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uh on ascent leaving the planet

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but it's also a joy we get to do those

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things but it's the team

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going forward with our national goals

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that make this whole program work

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so today like we said we look back

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and we do remember in this day of

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remembrance of those that have gone

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before us

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again those that names we mentioned and

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many more

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who have given their all passionate

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about human space flight

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passionate about what we do day in and

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day out and it's my prayer that that is

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you as well

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you continue your passion even in

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difficult circumstances as we go forward

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because what we do is vitally important

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vital important to

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us as a as a nasa community to our

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nation

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hi i'm bill hill i'm the director for

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safety mission insurance here at the

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marshall space flight center

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as we pause to reflect our past on this

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day of remembrance i want to share a few

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thoughts with you

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first and foremost we must learn from

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our failures especially the

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the larger incidents that we've had like

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apollo

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uh challenger in colombia failure for

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the most part

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is an option and we have to

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we have to fail to learn and as long as

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we don't

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injure or or have a death

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during the incident it's it's all

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lessons learned it's all

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good data we need to push the envelope

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we need to understand where the cliff is

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and and this helps us better understand

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what our systems can do

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uh as we test them on the ground as we

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operate them in the air

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or in flight it helps us reduce the

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unknown unknowns

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critical among the things we do is we

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00:14:21,269 --> 00:14:18,240
must stay curious

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uh curiosity is one of those things that

401
00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:23,920
uh you know if you if you hear something

402
00:14:28,629 --> 00:14:25,040
or see something

403
00:14:32,710 --> 00:14:28,639
that doesn't make sense ask a question

404
00:14:34,949 --> 00:14:32,720
try to try to seek what's going on um

405
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and and we must explain what's going on

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uh to better understand

407
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uh it's key too that we don't forget

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that physics does not change we cannot

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defy

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physics and we must explain uh

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what we don't understand through the use

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of physics laws of physics are great

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for helping us do that our business is

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risky

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we live in a risk-reward paradigm

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uh not uh the reward if the reward is

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substantial

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we might be willing to accept more risk

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as a nation as

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as an agency and this is going to be

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critical as we

422
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push out into the solar system risk

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acceptance is left up to a few

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senior leaders in our agency uh

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not everyone has to personally accept

426
00:15:26,150 --> 00:15:23,440
the risk i know

427
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a lot of people think that way but there

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are only

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00:15:31,350 --> 00:15:29,759
a few risk acceptors our job is to

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identify the risk

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identify potential mitigations quantify

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it if we can

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and then present that to the senior

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leaders for decisions

435
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i have been touched personally by all

436
00:15:45,430 --> 00:15:42,000
three major uh

437
00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:45,440
accidents that we've had i came to nasa

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through a contractor that

439
00:15:50,550 --> 00:15:49,279
supported the office of safety emission

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00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:50,560
insurance in

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washington after challenger i had the

442
00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:56,079
opportunity to go visit

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00:16:00,470 --> 00:15:59,040
the apollo 1 hardware at langley and put

444
00:16:04,150 --> 00:16:00,480
hands on

445
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some of the hardware gloved hands

446
00:16:08,069 --> 00:16:06,079
to try to seek the answers to a question

447
00:16:10,550 --> 00:16:08,079
that we were asking me outside

448
00:16:13,430 --> 00:16:10,560
and then i after columbia i led the

449
00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:13,440
agency's return to flight

450
00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:16,959
activity to get us to uh the first

451
00:16:21,829 --> 00:16:20,480
mission sts-114

452
00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:21,839
i swore at the time i would do

453
00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:22,959
everything to make certain that we

454
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:24,720
weren't stupid like we were

455
00:16:29,269 --> 00:16:27,360
in the days ahead of uh the columbia

456
00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:29,279
launch and when i say that

457
00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:31,360
i mean it that you know we just weren't

458
00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:33,279
listening we weren't paying attention

459
00:16:37,509 --> 00:16:34,720
to the hardware we weren't paying

460
00:16:39,829 --> 00:16:37,519
attention to the physics

461
00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:39,839
in closing i want you to keep in mind

462
00:16:46,310 --> 00:16:42,000
the families of our

463
00:16:48,710 --> 00:16:46,320
lost astronauts they are as important as

464
00:16:49,430 --> 00:16:48,720
as the astronauts they carry the burden

465
00:16:51,269 --> 00:16:49,440
to

466
00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:51,279
move ahead with their lives without

467
00:16:55,829 --> 00:16:52,720
their loved ones

468
00:16:58,870 --> 00:16:55,839
i had a good opportunity to meet with

469
00:17:02,550 --> 00:16:58,880
mrs onizuko and mrs mcnair

470
00:17:05,110 --> 00:17:02,560
both wives of challenger astronauts

471
00:17:07,270 --> 00:17:05,120
and their jubilance and and support for

472
00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:07,280
colombia just kind of buoyed me

473
00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:10,640
and and made me want to do better and

474
00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:14,160
made me want to uh to to seek

475
00:17:18,230 --> 00:17:17,280
how to better do safe space flight i

476
00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:18,240
hope that

477
00:17:23,029 --> 00:17:19,760
you all reflect on what you've heard

478
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:23,039
today from jody and butch and myself

479
00:17:27,029 --> 00:17:24,559
and use this information to become

480
00:17:31,350 --> 00:17:27,039
better engineers scientists

481
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:31,360
and technicians stay curious

482
00:17:35,669 --> 00:17:34,320
ask questions and continue to the best

483
00:17:38,630 --> 00:17:35,679
of your ability

484
00:17:43,350 --> 00:17:38,640
to support safe human space flight thank

485
00:17:48,549 --> 00:17:46,230
today is the annual day of remembrance a

486
00:17:50,630 --> 00:17:48,559
day for the nasa family to come together

487
00:17:52,789 --> 00:17:50,640
to remember those who gave their lives

488
00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:52,799
in pursuit of exploration

489
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:54,960
knowledge and a better future for

490
00:17:58,630 --> 00:17:56,080
humanity

491
00:17:59,510 --> 00:17:58,640
we solemnly remember the crews of apollo

492
00:18:02,549 --> 00:17:59,520
1

493
00:18:03,909 --> 00:18:02,559
challenger and columbia and all those

494
00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:03,919
who have lost their lives

495
00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:06,720
so others could reach the stars thank

496
00:18:11,750 --> 00:18:07,360
you

497
00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:16,000
today we remember the crew of apollo 1.

498
00:18:42,750 --> 00:18:29,510
we also remember the crew of the space

499
00:18:57,669 --> 00:18:42,760
shuttle challenger

500
00:19:17,930 --> 00:18:59,750
and we remember the crew of the space

501
00:19:46,789 --> 00:19:44,390
[Music]

502
00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:46,799
we remember and honor all these brave

503
00:19:49,909 --> 00:19:47,840
women and men

504
00:19:52,630 --> 00:19:49,919
along with all the others who dedicated

505
00:19:55,430 --> 00:19:52,640
their lives to the cause of exploration

506
00:19:56,710 --> 00:19:55,440
and discovery please join us for a

507
00:19:59,190 --> 00:19:56,720
moment of silence

508
00:20:00,950 --> 00:19:59,200
as we honor these fallen heroes and all

509
00:20:01,510 --> 00:20:00,960
members of the nasa family that have

510
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:01,520
passed

511
00:21:19,550 --> 00:20:03,679
since the conception of nasa and in

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00:21:25,510 --> 00:21:23,669
[Music]

513
00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:25,520
this concludes today's day of

514
00:21:29,669 --> 00:21:26,880
remembrance program

515
00:21:30,470 --> 00:21:29,679
from nasa's marshall space flight center